Behavioral science, refers to any of various disciplines dealing with the subject of human actions, usually including the fields of sociology, social and cultural anthropology, psychology, and behavioral aspects of biology, economics, geography, law, psychiatry, and political science. The term behavioral sciences suggests an approach that is more experimental than that connoted by the older term social sciences.

Bio-based materials and processes cover:

• Sustainable biomass sourcing, logistics and production systems

• Life sciences and their convergence with digital technologies

• Bio-based value chains, materials, including bio-inspired materials

• Biotechnology

• Inclusive bio-based systems

There are three main circular objectives to consider in Circular Value Chains:

1.  Narrowing the loop: Using fewer resources per product

2.  Closing and regeneration the loop by creating a circular flow of resources, closing the loop between post-use and production or by incorporating biobased materials and energy

3.  Slowing the loop: Extending the use period of products through design

Conflict management is the use of the right skill, process, and technique to respond to a disagreement or dispute in a strategic manner. It is the art of creatively resolving a contentious situation through collaborative and effective communication skills, like active listening and articulate expressions. It involves acquiring skills related to conflict resolution, and self-awareness about conflict modes.

Disruptive innovation, a term of art coined by Clayton Christensen, describes a process by which a product or service takes root initially in simple applications at the bottom of a market and then relentlessly moves up market, eventually displacing established competitors. 

Ecological knowledge usually refers to the functioning of environmental systems in technical, mechanical or biophysical terms, such as information about the ecological structure and functioning of ecosystems.

Effectiveness, or impact, knowledge addresses the outcomes of different behaviors, essentially answering the question ‘is the behavioral sacrifice worthwhile?’ Stern’s (2000) Value-Belief-Norm (VBN) model of pro-ecological behavior highlights two key determinants pertinent to effectiveness knowledge; the first is the perceived consequences of behaviors, and the second is beliefs about who is responsible for environmental outcomes. 

Environmental law is central to sustainable development. It integrates environmental needs with the essential elements of the rule of law and provides the basis for improving environmental governance. It emphasizes ecological sustainability by linking it to fundamental rights and duties. It reflects universal moral values and ethical standards of conduct and provides a basis for environmental rights and duties.

Experiential learning is a widely recognized and influential framework that describes how people learn through experience. Because learning is the primary process used to navigate through life, people can use this process for all forms of learning, development and change. Learning takes place in all contexts and continues throughout life. Experiential learning includes the cycles of experience, reflection, thought and action.

The term used to describe thinking about the nature and consequences of relationships. Similar terms are ‘systems thinking’ and ‘holistic thinking’.Linking thinking is the necessary complement to analytical and critical thinking: approaches to problem solving and ways of thinking that are more holistic, systemic, ecological, inclusive and integrative. 

New Education Policies aim to build a new social contract for education, grounded on principles of human rights, social justice, human dignity and cultural diversity. It unequivocally affirms education as a public endeavour and a common good. It should allow us to think differently about learning and the relationships between students, teachers, knowledge, and the world.

Planetary knowledge describes the range of information about the environment, its issues and the preventive actions required to conserve and protect the environment, that is collected, organized, and evaluated by the individuals. It equips us to effectively address global challenges and contribute to a more equitable and sustainable future. 

Policy is a set of ideas or a plan of what to do in particular situations that has been agreed to officially by a group of people, a business organization, a government, or a political party.

Legislation is a law or set of laws suggested by a government and made official by a parliament.

Research is a method of finding solutions to scientific and social problems through objective and systematic analysis. It is a search for knowledge, that is, a discovery of hidden truths. The information might be collected from different sources like experience, human beings, books, journals, nature, etc. A research can lead to new contributions to the existing knowledge.

Societal learning is the process of articulating new paradigms that can alter the perspectives, goals, and behaviors of social systems larger than particular organizations. Societal learning develops new relationships, strategies, and organizational structures to do what could not be done before, so it is critical to addressing issues such as sustainability, poverty, and culture clashes

A standard is a set of guidelines that describe the processes, procedures and products that should be used to ensure quality and uniformity. Standards are usually developed and disseminated by professional organizations or international bodies.

Certification is formal recognition by an independent body that a system, product, individual or organization meets and continues to meet the criteria of a specific standard or regulation. 

Models can be used to illustrate the interdependence of human activities and their consequences in time, place and space. They can also be used to convey knowledge about relevant system dynamics to policy makers and stakeholders.

A sustainable governance framework organises the relationships, systems and processes within an organisation to ensure accountability, transparency, fairness and compliance.

Characteristics attributed to teachers as change agents pertain to lifelong learning (being eager to learn and reflective), mastery (giving guidance, being accessible, positive, committed, trustful, and self-assured), entrepreneurship (being innovative and feeling responsible), and collaboration (being collegial).They have the power to influence students’ academic, social, and emotional development, as well as their perspectives on various societal issues.

Transcultural management focuses on the competences needed not only to accept cultural differences, but to find ways of creating new commonalities that allow us to cooperate. The term “trans” emphasizes the “beyond”, the connections, entanglements, and relations, the moving beyond existing cultures and the creation of something new out of shared practice.